Cities have been central to progress in climate change adaptation globally. Within the transport sector, the focus has been largely on strategies to reduce transport related greenhouse gas emissions. Adaptation of transport infrastructure has received less attention, despite its obvious socio-economic importance. Where adaptation of transport infrastructure has received attention is in relation to materials science, and infrastructure design for improved resilience and in emergency management / evacuation planning.  This has translated into action on a project basis, or at a local or regional level. Larger scale assessments of vulnerability, resilience and adaptive capacity of multi-modal transport systems are rare. One of the key challenges is the interconnectedness of transport systems, and there is a need for planners, owners and operators of different modes of transport (road, rail, airports, ports, etc.) to work together to develop holistic long term adaptation strategies. This paper reviews the status of adaptation planning for interconnected transport infrastructure from around the world, with a focus on waterborne transport / ports. It will provide an overview of the outcomes of the COP21 with respect to transport, and discuss the key adaptation challenges and opportunities for the ports sector.